Description
Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂)
What is Titanium Dioxide?
Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral widely used as a white pigment and opacifier in cosmetic, skincare, and personal care formulations. It is a fine white powder known for its excellent whitening power and light-scattering properties.
Key Uses:
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Whitening Agent: Provides bright white color to soaps, creams, lotions, and makeup.
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Opacifier: Reduces transparency and imparts opacity to formulations for a more solid appearance.
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UV Protection: Acts as a physical sunscreen agent by reflecting and scattering UV rays (commonly used in sunblocks and sunscreens).
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Thickening & Texture Enhancer: Improves the texture and consistency of formulations.
Forms:
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Available as a powder or micronized/nano form (for transparent sunscreens).
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Cosmetic-grade titanium dioxide is specially processed to be safe for skin contact.
Usage Rates:
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Typically used at 1% to 10% depending on the product and desired effect.
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In soaps and creams, usage often ranges between 2% and 5% to achieve effective whitening and opacity.
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For sunscreen products, levels may be higher (up to 25% or more) depending on SPF requirements.
Formulation Tips:
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Titanium dioxide should be dispersed well in oils or water phases to prevent clumping or gritty texture.
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Micronized or coated titanium dioxide is preferred in cosmetics for smooth feel and reduced whitening effect on skin (transparent finish).
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When used in soap, it’s often pre-mixed with a small amount of oil or water before adding to ensure even distribution.
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Avoid inhaling dust—use masks and handle powders carefully.
Safety:
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Considered safe in cosmetics when used within recommended levels.
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Nanoparticle forms have specific safety evaluations; cosmetic-grade TiO₂ is generally regarded as safe.
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Avoid inhalation of dry powder; always handle with protective equipment.
Summary Table:
Product Type Typical Usage Rate
Soap & Solid Cleansers 2% – 5%
Creams & Lotions1% – 5%
Sunscreens & Sunblocks Up to 25% or more
